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Doppler ultrasound is a modern and safe diagnostic method that allows doctors to see the structure of blood vessels and evaluate blood flow within them. Unlike a regular ultrasound, this method shows the direction and speed of blood flow and can identify blockages or changes in the cardiovascular system and heart. When Is It Used? The examination helps a doctor understand how correctly blood circulation is functioning , whether there are any blockages or slowing of blood flow , and whether there is a reverse flow of blood or congestion. Doppler ultrasound is prescribed if there is a suspicion of: • Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis • Vascular narrowing or damage • Chronic venous insufficiency • Hypertension associated with impaired renal circulation • Aneurysms and vascular tumors • The condition of transplanted organs • Blood flow between the mother and fetus during pregnancy Types of Examination The Dalimed medical center offers various types of Doppler ultrasound: • Color Doppler imaging shows the direction of blood flow using a color palette. • Spectral Doppler is a graph that displays blood flow velocity over time. • Duplex scanning combines a regular ultrasound with Doppler, allowing simultaneous visualization of the vessel and measurement of blood flow. • Power Doppler is particularly useful for assessing low blood flow within organs. • Transcranial Doppler examines blood circulation in the brain's vessels to rule out a stroke or hemorrhage. Preparation and Safety Specific preparation recommendations depend on the area being examined. Sometimes you must come on an empty stomach. It is also recommended to avoid smoking and nicotine products for two hours before the procedure, as they constrict blood vessels. Doppler ultrasound is a completely harmless method that does not use X-rays or contrast agents. It is even prescribed for pregnant women to monitor blood flow between the mother and child. Why Choose Dalimed Medical Center? • Modern expert-class equipment. • Experienced specialists in ultrasound diagnostics. • Individual approach to each patient. • Accurate and timely diagnosis of vascular and heart diseases. If you care about your health and want to check the condition of your blood vessels, contact the Dalimed medical center. We will help you identify problems in time and maintain your health!

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein that is synthesized in large quantities by thyrocytes (thyroid cells) and secreted into the follicular lumen. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroglobulin contains approximately 132 tyrosine residues, about one-third of which can be iodinated to mono- and diiodotyrosine (MIT and DIT) with the help of thyroperoxidase and iodine. The subsequent coupling of MIT and DIT to form T3 and T4 also occurs within the thyroglobulin matrix with the involvement of thyroperoxidase. The synthesis of T3 and T4 from thyroglobulin is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the level of iodine within the thyroid, and the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. During the synthesis of thyroglobulin by thyrocytes and its transfer to the follicles, small amounts of the protein can enter the bloodstream. Consequently, low concentrations of thyroglobulin can be detected in the blood. Thyroglobulin levels in the blood can be high in a number of thyroid-related diseases. The main causes of elevated thyroglobulin levels are: • Thyroid cancer, particularly differentiated thyroid cancers (papillary and follicular types), where thyroglobulin is used as a tumor marker to detect residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease. • Benign proliferative thyroid diseases, such as thyroid nodules, adenomas, and goiter, which increase the mass of thyroid tissue and thyroglobulin production. • Autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, which are associated with the destruction or inflammation of thyroid tissue. • Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) and physical trauma to the thyroid gland. • Hyperthyroidism, due to increased thyroid activity. • Thyroglobulin levels can be temporarily high after thyroid surgery or injury to the thyroid tissue. • Iodine deficiency or excess can also affect thyroglobulin levels. The presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) can interfere with thyroglobulin measurement, which can lead to falsely high or falsely low thyroglobulin values. Therefore, it is recommended to simultaneously test for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies to rule out this interference.

The health of the reproductive organs is largely dependent on both internal and external factors. Disturbances in the function of this system can affect not only the overall health of a woman or man but also their ability to have children. External Factors Harmful external influences include: • Early onset of sexual life. • Irregular or unsafe sexual life. • Sexually transmitted infections and other infectious diseases. • Psychological stress and tension. • Mechanical damage to the sexual organs. • Insufficient or improper hygiene. • Improper or prolonged use of medications (especially antibiotics, hormonal drugs, and contraceptives). Internal Factors Internal causes include: • Inflammatory diseases present in the body. • Hormonal imbalances. • Diseases of the endocrine system. • Artificially terminated pregnancies (abortions) and miscarriages. • Structural anomalies of the sexual organs, tumors, and hereditary factors. Main Groups of Diseases Pathologies of the reproductive system are conditionally divided into several groups: • Hormonal diseases: These occur due to hormonal imbalances and disturbances in the function of the internal secretion glands. They can manifest as polycystic ovary syndrome, menstrual cycle disorders, and other symptoms. • Inflammatory diseases: These include colpitis, cervicitis, endometritis, adnexitis, mastitis, and others. They can be caused by specific microorganisms (chlamydia, gonococcus, trichomonad, viruses) or non-specific pathogens (E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). • Hyperplastic diseases: These include tumors of the breasts, uterus, and ovaries, hyperplasia of the uterine lining, polyps, and cancerous pathologies. • Other diseases: These include endometriosis, diseases of the cervix (ectopia, dysplasia, etc.), as well as various structural anomalies of the sexual organs. Symptoms Reproductive system problems can manifest in different ways: • Pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. • Unusual discharge from the genital tract. • Itching and burning in the external genital area. • Elevated body temperature. • General weakness. • Menstrual cycle deviations (irregularity, changes in duration, heavy bleeding). • Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant. • Painful sexual intercourse. • Skin problems (oily skin, acne, hair growth, hair loss, pigmentation). Diagnosis and Treatment In case of these conditions, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. Diagnosis is performed through complex examinations, including general and gynecological examination, ultrasound, blood and biological material analysis, colposcopy, X-ray, CT, MRI, densitometry, and others. Treatment methods are selected based on the diagnosis and include: • Drug therapy (antibiotics, hormonal drugs, vitamins, trace elements, special diet, physiotherapy). • Surgical intervention. • Combined treatment. Prevention To maintain reproductive health, it is important to: • Practice safe sexual life. • Undergo regular gynecological examinations. • Maintain hygiene. • Monitor hormonal balance. • Have a healthy diet and physical activity.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a group of diseases that are primarily spread through sexual contact. They are a significant public health issue because they are widespread and often go unnoticed. In many cases, an infected person may be unaware of their illness for a long time, which can lead to them unknowingly infecting their partner. Most STIs are curable, but if left untreated, they can cause serious complications, including infertility, pregnancy complications, and systemic diseases. The Most Common STIs Today, more than 30 bacteria, viruses, and parasites can be transmitted sexually. The most common ones are: • Chlamydia: A common bacterial infection that is often asymptomatic but can cause infertility if untreated. • Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that affects the genitourinary system and can also damage the joints and eyes. • Syphilis: A chronic infection with several stages that, without treatment, can harm the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and internal organs. • Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A viral infection that is widespread globally. Some subtypes cause genital warts (papillomas), while others are linked to the development of cancer, especially cervical cancer. • Herpes: A viral infection that causes painful blisters and sores in the genital area. • HIV/AIDS: The human immunodeficiency virus damages the immune system. Without treatment, it causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which is accompanied by life-threatening infections and tumors. Possible Symptoms STIs can have various manifestations, but the most common symptoms include: • Abnormal discharge from the external genitals. • Pain or a burning sensation during urination. • Itching, sores, or blisters on the genitals. • Lower abdominal pain. It's important to remember that many infections have no symptoms. This means a person can appear healthy but actually be a carrier and transmit the disease to others. What Complications Can Occur? Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems: • In women: Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer. • In men: Spermatogenesis disorders and infertility. • In both: Chronic pain, joint inflammation, and nervous system disorders. An HIV infection is unique because, without treatment, it gradually destroys the immune system, making the body vulnerable to any infections. How to Protect Yourself The most effective way to protect yourself from STIs is prevention. • Condom use: Reduces the risk of infection transmission. • Having one trusted partner: Reduces the likelihood of getting infected. • Regular medical check-ups: Especially necessary if you have multiple partners or are starting a new relationship. • Vaccinations: An HPV vaccine is available today that protects against the most dangerous subtypes of the virus and prevents the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion STIs are widespread but preventable and curable diseases. It's important to be informed about them, practice personal hygiene, and have safe sexual practices. By seeking medical attention and undergoing the appropriate tests in a timely manner, you can not only prevent the spread of infections but also protect your own health and that of your partner.

Eyelid hygiene is focused on restoring and maintaining the health of the eyelids and eyelashes, improving elasticity, and reducing wrinkles in the skin around the eyes. Protecting the eyelids from harsh environmental factors, infections, and parasites is key to preventing and treating blepharitis and dry eye. Proper eyelid hygiene helps the glands function normally, restores metabolic processes in the skin, and ensures a healthy tear film. Daily eyelid and eyelash hygiene involves simple habits like removing dirt, natural eye secretions, makeup residue, and other tiny particles that build up around the eyes throughout the day. The skin on the eyelids is the thinnest on the human body, so it requires the most delicate care. While a simple wash with water in the morning and evening is good, it isn't enough to prevent eyelid diseases. What Happens When You Neglect Hygiene? Many people underestimate the importance of eyelid care. The buildup of dirt and oily secretions on the eyelid margin creates a perfect environment for bacteria to multiply. Insufficient cleaning can lead to blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) One of the most common causes of eye diseases is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). These tiny oil glands are located on the edge of the eyelids where they meet when your eyes are closed. They secrete an oily fluid that covers the eye's surface and prevents the watery part of the tears from evaporating. MGD is the main cause of dry eye syndrome and affects about 70% of the urban population. It is also associated with all forms of blepharitis. Risk factors include wearing contact lenses and glasses, eye makeup, working in dusty conditions, and daily computer use. MGD Prevention: Eyelid Hygiene Eyelid hygiene is the primary method for treating and preventing MGD and is widely used in ophthalmology. The basic principle is using single-use, sterile, moist wipes with soothing natural ingredients, as well as warm compresses. How to Choose Quality Wipes Focus on the manufacturer. ООО "M.K. Aseptica" has been on the Russian market for over 23 years. Their medical, cosmetic, and hygiene products under the "Aseptica" brand are well-known to consumers (for example, single-use alcohol wipes can be found in almost any medical facility). The company has a modern production complex and its own lab for quality control of raw materials and products. In 2021, "M.K. Aseptica" introduced a new product: sterile moist wipes for daily eyelid and eyelash care called ODOSASEPTICA. They clean the eyes of secretions, dirt, and small particles and are an effective preventative measure against MGD. The product was developed with the assistance of the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, commissioned by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. The wipes have been featured at professional exhibitions and have received positive feedback from doctors and ophthalmology clinics. ODOSASEPTICA Advantages: • Soft non-woven fabric • Formulated to match the tear pH • Free of fragrances, preservatives, and dyes • Hypoallergenic and do not require rinsing • Contain green tea, chamomile, and calendula extracts that soothe the eyelids, reduce puffiness, and provide deep hydration ODOSASEPTICA can be prescribed to patients for both prevention and as an additional treatment for blepharitis of various causes. How to Use ODOSASEPTICA It's recommended to perform the eyelid and eyelash cleaning procedure daily. The compact packaging allows for use anytime, anywhere. Step-by-step instructions: 1. Wash your hands with soap and warm water (or use an antiseptic). 2. Open the package and unfold the wipe. 3. With your eye closed, gently apply the wipe to your eyelids and the base of your eyelashes. 4. Massage your eyelids with gentle, circular motions. 5. Use a separate wipe for each eye. Warm Compress: To make a warm compress, heat the wipe in a cup of hot water for 2-3 minutes, open the package, and place it on your closed eyelids for 1-2 minutes. This improves the drainage of the meibomian glands, prevents secretion buildup, enhances blood circulation, and lowers the risk of inflammation.

The pancreas is a small but extremely important organ responsible for digestion and insulin production. When it becomes inflamed, it leads to pancreatitis, a disease that can cause serious complications if left untreated. Acute Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis starts suddenly and is usually accompanied by very severe pain in the upper abdomen. It's often linked to alcohol consumption or excessively fatty foods. Symptoms: • Sharp and unbearable abdominal pain • Nausea and vomiting • High fever • General weakness This is a dangerous condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Sometimes hospitalization is necessary. The disease may appear once and be cured with treatment, but in some cases, it can recur and become chronic. Treatment: In cases of acute pancreatitis, the patient is usually admitted to the hospital. For the first 1-2 days, no food is allowed to give the pancreas a "rest". Fluids and nutrients are provided intravenously. Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes antibiotics are used. Infusion therapy (serums, electrolytes) is prescribed to maintain the body's balance. The diet starts with liquids, and then dietary foods are gradually added. In severe cases, surgery may be required. Chronic Pancreatitis The chronic form is a long-term disease that develops over years. The main causes are: • Long-term alcohol use • Dietary violations • Frequent recurring acute pancreatitis Symptoms: The pancreas is gradually damaged. The symptoms are: • Constant or recurring abdominal pain • Bloating • Digestive disorders, diarrhea • Unexplained weight loss Over time, diabetes may develop as the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Treatment: Chronic pancreatitis requires long-term management. The diet is strictly important: • Alcohol, fatty, fried, and spicy foods must be excluded. • It's recommended to eat small portions, but frequently. • Enzyme preparations are used to aid digestion. • Pain relievers are used for pain. • If diabetes develops, insulin or other blood sugar-regulating drugs are prescribed. Don't forget that early diagnosis and treatment prevent the exacerbation and progression of the disease. If you have symptoms of pancreatitis, consult a specialist immediately. Contact the Dalimed medical center to get a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the central part of the face. It is characterized by persistent redness, the appearance of pustules and nodules, and also hypersensitivity of the skin. The disease is most common in people with fair skin and is more prevalent among women, but in men the disease can be more severe. Causes and mechanism of development The exact cause of rosacea is still not fully understood. It is believed that several factors play a role in the development of the disease: • Vascular dysfunction: superficial vessels of the face easily dilate, which leads to redness. • Immune system hypersensitivity: the skin reacts too strongly to external irritants. • Microorganisms: the Demodex folliculorum mite and certain bacteria can contribute to an inflammatory reaction. • Genetic predisposition: the disease is more common in some families. Main clinical forms Rosacea manifests in various forms: • Erythematotelangiectatic form – characterized by persistent facial redness and a network of small vessels. • Papulopustular form – pustules and nodules appear on the face, which are often confused with acne. • Phymatous form – the skin thickens, most often in the nose area, leading to rhinophyma. Aggravating factors The course of rosacea is characterized by phases of flare-ups and remission. Flare-ups often occur due to the following factors: • Sun exposure • Hot or very cold weather • Stress • Alcoholic beverages • Spicy food, hot drinks • Irritating ingredients in cosmetic products Diagnosis The diagnosis of rosacea is carried out mainly on the basis of the clinical picture. Principles of treatment Rosacea treatment is individual and depends on the form and severity of the disease. • Topical treatment: creams or gels with metronidazole, azelaic acid, or ivermectin. • Systemic treatment: a long course of doxycycline or other tetracycline antibiotics. • Laser therapy: useful for reducing vascular networks and redness. • Surgical intervention: in the case of severe rhinophyma, surgical correction may be applied. Care and prevention In addition to medical treatment, proper skin care is of great importance: • Use gentle, soap-free cleansing products • Apply sunscreen with SPF 50+ • Avoid aggravating factors • Moisturize the skin with non-irritating products Conclusion Rosacea is a chronic but controllable disease. Although there is no complete cure, timely diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Patients are advised to regularly visit a dermatologist and follow the rules of care.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a protein substance that is produced in the body of both men and women. Main functions of AMH In women, AMH is synthesized by cells in the ovaries and reflects the quantity and quality of eggs, meaning it is an important indicator of reproductive health. In women, the level of anti-Müllerian hormone shows: • ovarian reserve—the number of maturing follicles and potential eggs. • the probability of successful conception naturally or with IVF. • the onset of fertility decline (AMH levels decrease with age). • possible disorders, for example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which the hormone level is higher than normal. In men, the hormone plays a role in the formation of the reproductive system during the prenatal period. In men, AMH is responsible for the proper formation of the reproductive system in the fetus and is used in the diagnosis of certain developmental and reproductive disorders. When the analysis is prescribed The anti-Müllerian hormone test is recommended in the following cases: • Fertility assessment and pregnancy planning. • Selection and monitoring of assisted reproductive technology programs (for example, IVF). • Suspicion of premature ovarian failure or PCOS. • Evaluation of ovarian function after surgery, chemo-, or radiation therapy. • Diagnosis of sexual development disorders in boys. Normal and abnormal levels A high level of AMH may indicate PCOS or delayed puberty. A low level of AMH is most often associated with a decrease in ovarian reserve, the onset of menopause, or premature ovarian failure. It should be taken into account that the results of the analysis are always interpreted in conjunction with other studies and the clinical picture. How the study is conducted Blood is taken from a vein for the analysis. No special preparation is required, but it is recommended to take the test in the morning and on an empty stomach. Why it's important to take an AMH test Anti-Müllerian hormone is one of the key markers of female reproductive health. Timely examination helps to correctly plan a pregnancy, monitor IVF programs, and identify possible disorders in the ovaries. The AMH analysis can be submitted at the Dalimed medical center, where modern diagnostic methods are used and specialists are ready to help you preserve your health and realize your reproductive plans.