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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the central part of the face. It is characterized by persistent redness, the appearance of pustules and nodules, and also hypersensitivity of the skin. The disease is most common in people with fair skin and is more prevalent among women, but in men the disease can be more severe. Causes and mechanism of development The exact cause of rosacea is still not fully understood. It is believed that several factors play a role in the development of the disease: • Vascular dysfunction: superficial vessels of the face easily dilate, which leads to redness. • Immune system hypersensitivity: the skin reacts too strongly to external irritants. • Microorganisms: the Demodex folliculorum mite and certain bacteria can contribute to an inflammatory reaction. • Genetic predisposition: the disease is more common in some families. Main clinical forms Rosacea manifests in various forms: • Erythematotelangiectatic form – characterized by persistent facial redness and a network of small vessels. • Papulopustular form – pustules and nodules appear on the face, which are often confused with acne. • Phymatous form – the skin thickens, most often in the nose area, leading to rhinophyma. Aggravating factors The course of rosacea is characterized by phases of flare-ups and remission. Flare-ups often occur due to the following factors: • Sun exposure • Hot or very cold weather • Stress • Alcoholic beverages • Spicy food, hot drinks • Irritating ingredients in cosmetic products Diagnosis The diagnosis of rosacea is carried out mainly on the basis of the clinical picture. Principles of treatment Rosacea treatment is individual and depends on the form and severity of the disease. • Topical treatment: creams or gels with metronidazole, azelaic acid, or ivermectin. • Systemic treatment: a long course of doxycycline or other tetracycline antibiotics. • Laser therapy: useful for reducing vascular networks and redness. • Surgical intervention: in the case of severe rhinophyma, surgical correction may be applied. Care and prevention In addition to medical treatment, proper skin care is of great importance: • Use gentle, soap-free cleansing products • Apply sunscreen with SPF 50+ • Avoid aggravating factors • Moisturize the skin with non-irritating products Conclusion Rosacea is a chronic but controllable disease. Although there is no complete cure, timely diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Patients are advised to regularly visit a dermatologist and follow the rules of care.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a protein substance that is produced in the body of both men and women. Main functions of AMH In women, AMH is synthesized by cells in the ovaries and reflects the quantity and quality of eggs, meaning it is an important indicator of reproductive health. In women, the level of anti-Müllerian hormone shows: • ovarian reserve—the number of maturing follicles and potential eggs. • the probability of successful conception naturally or with IVF. • the onset of fertility decline (AMH levels decrease with age). • possible disorders, for example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which the hormone level is higher than normal. In men, the hormone plays a role in the formation of the reproductive system during the prenatal period. In men, AMH is responsible for the proper formation of the reproductive system in the fetus and is used in the diagnosis of certain developmental and reproductive disorders. When the analysis is prescribed The anti-Müllerian hormone test is recommended in the following cases: • Fertility assessment and pregnancy planning. • Selection and monitoring of assisted reproductive technology programs (for example, IVF). • Suspicion of premature ovarian failure or PCOS. • Evaluation of ovarian function after surgery, chemo-, or radiation therapy. • Diagnosis of sexual development disorders in boys. Normal and abnormal levels A high level of AMH may indicate PCOS or delayed puberty. A low level of AMH is most often associated with a decrease in ovarian reserve, the onset of menopause, or premature ovarian failure. It should be taken into account that the results of the analysis are always interpreted in conjunction with other studies and the clinical picture. How the study is conducted Blood is taken from a vein for the analysis. No special preparation is required, but it is recommended to take the test in the morning and on an empty stomach. Why it's important to take an AMH test Anti-Müllerian hormone is one of the key markers of female reproductive health. Timely examination helps to correctly plan a pregnancy, monitor IVF programs, and identify possible disorders in the ovaries. The AMH analysis can be submitted at the Dalimed medical center, where modern diagnostic methods are used and specialists are ready to help you preserve your health and realize your reproductive plans.

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. Despite its tiny size, the condition can be extremely dangerous: an inflamed appendix quickly swells and, if it ruptures, can cause a severe infection of the abdominal cavity known as peritonitis. For this reason, appendicitis is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention.CausesThe most common cause is an obstruction of the appendix's lumen by fecal matter. Less frequently, inflammation can be caused by an infection, parasites, or a tumor. This obstruction leads to bacterial growth, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the tissues. Without treatment, the appendix wall gradually deteriorates and can rupture.FormsAcute appendicitis develops suddenly, is accompanied by severe pain, and progresses rapidly.Chronic appendicitis is rare and manifests as intermittent pain. However, it can turn into the acute form at any time, so it requires a doctor's supervision.SymptomsThe most characteristic signs include:• Pain that starts near the navel and then moves to the lower right abdomen, intensifying with movement or coughing.• Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.• Low-grade fever, sometimes with chills.• Changes in bowel habits: constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty passing gas.• Abdominal bloating and tension.It's important to note that the classic symptoms are not always present in children, the elderly, and pregnant women. Therefore, any sudden abdominal discomfort warrants an urgent consultation.DiagnosisTo confirm the diagnosis, a doctor will perform an examination and order blood and urine tests. Additionally, imaging methods are used:• Ultrasound helps to detect inflammation.• CT scan provides a detailed picture.• MRI is more often used in pregnant women to reduce radiation exposure.TreatmentAppendicitis is treated surgically. The main methods are:• Classic appendectomy, performed through an incision in the lower abdomen.• Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera.For complicated cases, drainage of the abdominal cavity and a course of antibiotics may be necessary. Sometimes, antibiotics are used as a temporary measure before surgery, but they cannot fully replace it.ComplicationsThe main threat is the rupture of the appendix and the development of peritonitis. In this case, the infection spreads throughout the abdominal cavity and can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Without treatment, the risk of a fatal outcome is very high.Appendicitis is the most common surgical disease in people aged 10–30, but it can occur at any age. Its danger lies in the fact that only 48–72 hours can pass from the first symptoms to a rupture. When you experience sudden abdominal pain, do not delay a visit to the doctor. Timely medical attention is the guarantee of successful treatment and good health.

Spring delights us with the blooming of trees and grasses, but for people with seasonal allergies, this means endless sneezing, a runny nose, and itchy eyes. Allergic rhinitis can seriously reduce a person's quality of life, but there are proven methods to help keep symptoms under control. 1. Reduce Contact with Allergens The main way to ease symptoms is to minimize your exposure to pollen. It's better to stay indoors on dry, windy days, and after a walk, be sure to change your clothes and take a shower. Don't dry clothes outside, as the fabric quickly becomes covered in pollen. Gardening and yard work can also trigger a flare-up, so wear a protective mask. 2. Pay Attention to Pollen Levels Sometimes, just checking the forecast is enough. When pollen levels are especially high, it's a good idea to take medication in advance, close windows, and limit morning walks. It's better to go outside after it rains, as the air becomes noticeably cleaner. 3. Make Your Home Air Safe It's impossible to completely eliminate allergens indoors, but you can reduce their amount. To do this: • Use an air conditioner and fine filters. • Regularly clean and vacuum. • Control humidity with a dehumidifier. 4. The Help of Pharmacy Products Modern over-the-counter medications can significantly improve your condition. Antihistamine tablets reduce sneezing, itching, and a runny nose, while corticosteroid nasal sprays help with congestion. Saline solutions are safe and effectively wash allergens out of the nose. It's best to consult a doctor before long-term use of any medication. 5. When Home Methods Aren't Enough If symptoms remain severe, a doctor may order tests to identify the specific allergen. In some cases, allergen-specific immunotherapy (injections or tablets under the tongue) may be offered, which over time reduces the body's sensitivity. This is one of the most effective methods for long-term treatment. Allergies shouldn't rob you of the joy of spring days. It's important to remember: the sooner you see a doctor and start controlling your symptoms, the easier it will be to manage flare-ups.

Breast ultrasound is a modern and safe diagnostic method that allows a doctor to obtain clear images of the internal structures of the breast. Unlike mammography, ultrasound does not involve radiation exposure and is especially useful for a more detailed study of individual tissue areas. What does a breast ultrasound show? With ultrasound, a doctor can: • determine whether a lump is a fluid-filled cyst (most often benign) or a solid mass that requires further examination; • examine suspicious areas after a mammogram; • monitor the biopsy process to take a tissue sample from a precise location. When is a breast ultrasound prescribed? The examination is recommended in cases when: • it is necessary to clarify the results of a mammogram; • a lump or bump is felt in the breast; • there is localized pain or discomfort; • the breast tissue has a dense structure (in this case, mammography may be less informative); • the patient is younger than the age at which regular mammography screening is recommended. Limitations and Advantages Ultrasound is safe, has no contraindications, and can be performed repeatedly. The method does not replace mammography, as it mainly covers individual areas, not the entire breast tissue. It's most effective to use ultrasound in combination with other diagnostic methods, especially with an increased risk of breast cancer. When to see a doctor? Be sure to make an appointment if you notice: • a new or changing lump in the breast or armpit; • skin indentation, dimpling, or other unusual changes; • nipple discharge, nipple inversion, or deformation; • a suspected breast implant injury or rupture. Why is timely examination important? Timely diagnosis is the key to maintaining health. The earlier a change in the breast is detected, the higher the chances for successful treatment and maintaining quality of life. If you notice any changes or want to undergo a preventive examination, contact the Dalimed medical center. Experienced specialists work here who will help you maintain your health and confidence in the future.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world. However, in many cases, they can be prevented by changing your lifestyle and paying attention to prevention. Taking care of your heart isn't just about living a long life, but also about its quality: more energy, activity, and a good feeling every day. We have compiled 5 key tips that will help you maintain heart health and reduce the risk of developing diseases. 1. Quit smoking. Smoking is one of the main enemies of the heart and blood vessels. The nicotine and other substances contained in tobacco damage the walls of blood vessels, making them less elastic and increasing the load on the heart. Even passive inhalation of cigarette smoke is dangerous. The good news is that the positive effect of quitting smoking is very fast. Within 24 hours, the risk of a heart attack decreases, and within a year, the probability of cardiovascular diseases is almost halved. The sooner you quit, the better, but it's never too late to start. 2. Move every day. The heart loves movement. Regular physical activity strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood circulation, and lowers the level of "bad" cholesterol. This doesn't necessarily mean the gym or marathons—30-60 minutes of moderate activity a day is enough. This can be brisk walking, swimming, cycling, dancing, or even gardening. It's important that the movement brings pleasure so it becomes part of your life. Even short bursts of activity, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator, are beneficial. 3. Balanced nutrition. What we eat directly affects the heart. An improper diet increases cholesterol levels, contributes to weight gain, and the development of diabetes. It's helpful to include in your diet: fresh vegetables and fruits , legumes and whole grains , lean meat and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids , nuts, seeds, olive oil, and avocado. You should limit: salt and foods high in sodium , sweets and sugary drinks , fast food and processed foods , fatty red meat and trans fats. 4. Weight control and quality sleep. Excess weight, especially around the abdomen, is a serious risk factor. It increases the likelihood of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Even a small weight loss (3-5% of body weight) positively affects heart function and metabolism. Quality sleep is no less important. People who sleep less than 6-7 hours a day are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time, create a calm atmosphere in the bedroom, and put away gadgets before sleep. 5. Regular check-ups. How you feel doesn't always reflect the actual condition of your heart. High blood pressure or high cholesterol can go unnoticed for a long time without symptoms. Therefore, preventive check-ups are vital. It is recommended to regularly check: blood pressure , cholesterol level , and blood sugar level. If you have a family history, are overweight, or have chronic diseases, you should get checked more often. A doctor can identify problems in time and prescribe treatment or prevention. Your heart works non-stop, providing life to every cell in your body. It deserves care. Quitting bad habits, proper nutrition, activity, and prevention are simple steps that will help keep it healthy for many years to come. But the most important thing is not to postpone a visit to the doctor. Even if you feel well, regular check-ups can help prevent hidden risks. At Dalimed Medical Center, you can undergo diagnostics, receive a consultation with a cardiologist, and get personalized recommendations for maintaining heart health. Take care of yourself today to live actively and happily tomorrow!

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single-chain 84 amino acid peptide produced by the parathyroid gland in response to a decrease in the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium. Its main role is to increase the level of calcium in the serum. It does this by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones and renal reabsorption in the distal tubules. In the proximal tubules, PTH stimulates the synthesis of calcitriol, which in turn increases the absorption of calcium in the intestines and creates an endocrine feedback loop on PTH secretion at the level of the parathyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone also reduces phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubules of the kidneys, thereby reducing the amount of phosphate in the serum.Disorders of the parathyroid gland lead to an increase or decrease in blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia), which is caused by a change in parathyroid gland secretion.Excessive production of parathyroid hormone is called hyperparathyroidism.Types include:• Primary hyperparathyroidism: Often caused by a benign tumor (adenoma) on one of the parathyroid glands. Other causes include enlarged glands (hyperplasia) or, rarely, parathyroid gland cancer.• Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Occurs as a response to low blood calcium levels due to chronic renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, or extremely high levels of phosphate. The parathyroid glands produce excess PTH, attempting to restore calcium balance.• Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Develops when secondary hyperparathyroidism continues for a long time, leading to autonomous hyperactivity of the glands, even when calcium levels return to normal.Underproduction of parathyroid hormone is called hypoparathyroidism.The causes of hypoparathyroidism are:• Damage, accidental removal, or destruction of the parathyroid glands during neck or thyroid surgery• Autoimmune diseases• Low magnesium levels• Radiation therapy to the head or neck• Rarely, congenital absence of glands or functional defectsSymptoms of hyperparathyroidism are:• Fatigue and general weakness (the most common symptom)• Bone and joint pain, osteoporosis, brittle bones, and fractures• Muscle weakness• Kidney stones and possible kidney disease or renal failure• Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, depression, anxiety, and mood swings• Increased thirst and frequent urination• Gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, and abdominal pain• Insomnia or difficulty sleeping• Headaches• Heart-related symptoms such as high blood pressure, arrhythmias, and atrial fibrillationSymptoms of hypoparathyroidism are:• A tingling or burning sensation in the fingers, toes, lips, and around the mouth (paresthesia)• Muscle aches, spasms, and cramps, sometimes affecting the hands, feet, face, and throat• Fatigue, weakness, exhaustion• Headaches and problems with memory or concentration• Abdominal pain• Dry skin, brittle nails, dry hair, brittle teeth• Cataracts• Anxiety, irritability, and mood swings• In severe cases, convulsionsSometimes the symptoms are mild or absent, and parathyroid gland problems are detected through routine blood tests.

Obesity is not just excess weight, but is considered a chronic disease that over time leads to serious complications. According to the WHO, obesity is a global epidemic that affects both physical and psychological health. Main causes of obesity • Poor diet – abuse of fats, sweets, and high-calorie foods. • Lack of physical activity – a sedentary lifestyle reduces energy expenditure. • Hormonal disorders – for example, hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome. • Genetic predisposition – some genes affect metabolism and appetite. • Psychological factors – stress, depression, loneliness, which often lead to excessive food consumption. The hidden dangers of obesity Excess weight can become the basis for numerous health problems. The consequences of obesity include a high risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke), atherosclerosis, and joint diseases (arthrosis, gonarthrosis). It can also cause respiratory disorders (sleep apnea, asthma) and hormonal disorders. In addition, obesity is associated with a high risk of oncological diseases (breast, uterine, colon, and other cancers), as well as skin problems (dermatitis, fungal infections). Prevention The prevention of obesity is based on a healthy lifestyle: • A healthy and balanced diet, limiting fats and simple carbohydrates. • Regular physical activity, at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. • Periodic monitoring of weight and body mass index. • Hormonal and metabolic tests for those at risk. Treatment Obesity treatment is individualized and includes a comprehensive approach: • Diet therapy – calorie control, diet adjustment. • Physical activity – workouts and motor activity. • Treatment of accompanying diseases – diabetes, hypertension, hormonal disorders. • Bariatric surgery – indicated when the BMI is over 40 and diet and physical activity have not given a satisfactory result. Obesity is not just an aesthetic problem, but a serious medical condition. By consulting an endocrinologist in time and undergoing hormonal and metabolic tests, it is possible to prevent severe complications and maintain a healthy life.