Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outer membrane of the eye. The conjunctiva is a transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. When this membrane becomes inflamed, the eye turns red, and itching, discharge, and sometimes burning occur. Many people know it as "pink eye". Conjunctivitis is a very common and usually not serious illness, but some forms can be contagious and require special attention.
Conjunctivitis can be caused by various factors:
•
Viral conjunctivitis
: This is the most common form, often associated with upper respiratory tract infections and colds. The eye becomes red and watery, and often both eyes are affected. It is very contagious and easily transmitted.
•
Bacterial conjunctivitis
: The cause is bacteria. A thick yellow or greenish discharge comes from the eye, and in the morning, the eyelids may stick together. It can also be contagious but is treated with antibacterial drops.
•
Allergic conjunctivitis
: This is an eye reaction to allergens (dust, pollen, animal hair, etc.). Both eyes itch, turn red, and are watery. It is not contagious to others.
•
Chemical or irritant conjunctivitis
: This is eye irritation from smoke, chemicals, or perfumes. You should wash your eye and consult a doctor.
What are the symptoms?
• Redness of the eye
• Watery or purulent discharge
• Itching or burning
• Sticky eyelids in the morning
• Slightly blurred vision (usually temporary)
• Sensitivity to light (only in some cases)
If vision suddenly worsens, the eye is very painful, or you feel there is a problem in the center of your vision, you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist.
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can spread easily through:
• Hands, when we touch our eyes
• Public items (towels, pillows, eye cosmetics)
• Kindergartens, schools, and workplaces
How to protect yourself and treat it
• Wash your hands frequently with soap.
• Do not try to share towels or pillows.
• Do not use other people's eye cosmetics or contact lenses.
• Replace cosmetics with new ones during an infection.
Treatment approach:
• Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a few days or weeks. Artificial tears and cold compresses are used to alleviate the symptoms.
• Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibacterial drops or ointment.
• Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with antiallergic drops, and sometimes with antihistamines.
• In the case of chemical or irritant forms, the eye should be washed well with clean water, and a doctor should be visited as soon as possible.
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