DaliMed innovative medical center in the heart of Yerevan

Modern dentistry offers many ways to restore the health and aesthetics of teeth. One of the most reliable solutions is the installation of a dental crown—a "cap" that completely covers a damaged tooth and protects it from decay. What is a Dental Crown? A dental crown is a durable, tooth-shaped prosthetic that is placed over a natural tooth, like a cap. Before it is fixed, the dentist removes a small layer of enamel to ensure a perfect fit. Crowns are made from various materials: metal, ceramic, porcelain, resin, and combinations of these. The choice depends on the clinical situation and the patient's wishes. When Is a Crown Needed? A crown may be needed in a variety of cases: • when a tooth is badly decayed or severely worn down • to strengthen a weakened tooth • for cracks and chips • after root canal treatment • to anchor a bridge • for pronounced changes in enamel color • after an implant The main goal is to save the natural tooth, restoring its function and aesthetics. Varieties of Dental Crowns Metal Made from gold, palladium, nickel, or chromium. They are known for their durability, resistance to chewing forces, and minimal tooth preparation. The main disadvantage is the metallic color, so they are more often placed on back teeth. Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) They combine the strength of metal with the aesthetics of porcelain. Their color can be matched to natural teeth. A disadvantage is that the porcelain can chip over time, and they can also wear down the enamel of opposing teeth. Pressed Ceramic A ceramic frame is used instead of a metal one. These crowns are very similar in appearance to natural teeth, but have the same risk of chipping as PFM crowns. All-Ceramic / Porcelain These have the most natural appearance, and crowns made of zirconium dioxide are especially popular. They are strong, durable, and suitable for patients with a metal allergy. Pros and Cons Advantages of crowns: • restoration of chewing function • protection of the tooth from decay • improved appearance • lifespan of 5 to 15 years (and sometimes up to 30 with good care) Disadvantages: • requires removal of enamel • possible sensitivity in the first few weeks • risk of chipping or coming loose • high cost (depending on the material) Care for Dental Crowns For a crown to last a long time, you need to: • brush your teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste • floss daily • use antiseptic mouthwash • avoid very hard and sticky foods • visit the dentist for check-ups and cleanings • use a night guard for bruxism Possible Sensations After Placement Immediately after the procedure, the patient may feel slight sensitivity to hot and cold, as well as gum discomfort. These symptoms usually disappear within a few days. Veneers or Crowns: What to Choose? Veneers solve cosmetic problems: they hide cracks, chips, and pigmentation. Crowns are for restorative treatment: they strengthen and protect the tooth, restoring its function and aesthetics. Conclusion Dental crowns are a reliable and proven solution that allows you to save your natural teeth, restore a healthy smile, and regain your self-confidence. The choice of material and technology should be made together with your dentist, taking into account your needs, habits, and budget.

Doppler ultrasound is a modern and safe diagnostic method that allows doctors to see the structure of blood vessels and evaluate blood flow within them. Unlike a regular ultrasound, this method shows the direction and speed of blood flow and can identify blockages or changes in the cardiovascular system and heart. When Is It Used? The examination helps a doctor understand how correctly blood circulation is functioning , whether there are any blockages or slowing of blood flow , and whether there is a reverse flow of blood or congestion. Doppler ultrasound is prescribed if there is a suspicion of: • Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis • Vascular narrowing or damage • Chronic venous insufficiency • Hypertension associated with impaired renal circulation • Aneurysms and vascular tumors • The condition of transplanted organs • Blood flow between the mother and fetus during pregnancy Types of Examination The Dalimed medical center offers various types of Doppler ultrasound: • Color Doppler imaging shows the direction of blood flow using a color palette. • Spectral Doppler is a graph that displays blood flow velocity over time. • Duplex scanning combines a regular ultrasound with Doppler, allowing simultaneous visualization of the vessel and measurement of blood flow. • Power Doppler is particularly useful for assessing low blood flow within organs. • Transcranial Doppler examines blood circulation in the brain's vessels to rule out a stroke or hemorrhage. Preparation and Safety Specific preparation recommendations depend on the area being examined. Sometimes you must come on an empty stomach. It is also recommended to avoid smoking and nicotine products for two hours before the procedure, as they constrict blood vessels. Doppler ultrasound is a completely harmless method that does not use X-rays or contrast agents. It is even prescribed for pregnant women to monitor blood flow between the mother and child. Why Choose Dalimed Medical Center? • Modern expert-class equipment. • Experienced specialists in ultrasound diagnostics. • Individual approach to each patient. • Accurate and timely diagnosis of vascular and heart diseases. If you care about your health and want to check the condition of your blood vessels, contact the Dalimed medical center. We will help you identify problems in time and maintain your health!

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein that is synthesized in large quantities by thyrocytes (thyroid cells) and secreted into the follicular lumen. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroglobulin contains approximately 132 tyrosine residues, about one-third of which can be iodinated to mono- and diiodotyrosine (MIT and DIT) with the help of thyroperoxidase and iodine. The subsequent coupling of MIT and DIT to form T3 and T4 also occurs within the thyroglobulin matrix with the involvement of thyroperoxidase. The synthesis of T3 and T4 from thyroglobulin is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the level of iodine within the thyroid, and the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. During the synthesis of thyroglobulin by thyrocytes and its transfer to the follicles, small amounts of the protein can enter the bloodstream. Consequently, low concentrations of thyroglobulin can be detected in the blood. Thyroglobulin levels in the blood can be high in a number of thyroid-related diseases. The main causes of elevated thyroglobulin levels are: • Thyroid cancer, particularly differentiated thyroid cancers (papillary and follicular types), where thyroglobulin is used as a tumor marker to detect residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease. • Benign proliferative thyroid diseases, such as thyroid nodules, adenomas, and goiter, which increase the mass of thyroid tissue and thyroglobulin production. • Autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, which are associated with the destruction or inflammation of thyroid tissue. • Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) and physical trauma to the thyroid gland. • Hyperthyroidism, due to increased thyroid activity. • Thyroglobulin levels can be temporarily high after thyroid surgery or injury to the thyroid tissue. • Iodine deficiency or excess can also affect thyroglobulin levels. The presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) can interfere with thyroglobulin measurement, which can lead to falsely high or falsely low thyroglobulin values. Therefore, it is recommended to simultaneously test for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies to rule out this interference.

The health of the reproductive organs is largely dependent on both internal and external factors. Disturbances in the function of this system can affect not only the overall health of a woman or man but also their ability to have children. External Factors Harmful external influences include: • Early onset of sexual life. • Irregular or unsafe sexual life. • Sexually transmitted infections and other infectious diseases. • Psychological stress and tension. • Mechanical damage to the sexual organs. • Insufficient or improper hygiene. • Improper or prolonged use of medications (especially antibiotics, hormonal drugs, and contraceptives). Internal Factors Internal causes include: • Inflammatory diseases present in the body. • Hormonal imbalances. • Diseases of the endocrine system. • Artificially terminated pregnancies (abortions) and miscarriages. • Structural anomalies of the sexual organs, tumors, and hereditary factors. Main Groups of Diseases Pathologies of the reproductive system are conditionally divided into several groups: • Hormonal diseases: These occur due to hormonal imbalances and disturbances in the function of the internal secretion glands. They can manifest as polycystic ovary syndrome, menstrual cycle disorders, and other symptoms. • Inflammatory diseases: These include colpitis, cervicitis, endometritis, adnexitis, mastitis, and others. They can be caused by specific microorganisms (chlamydia, gonococcus, trichomonad, viruses) or non-specific pathogens (E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). • Hyperplastic diseases: These include tumors of the breasts, uterus, and ovaries, hyperplasia of the uterine lining, polyps, and cancerous pathologies. • Other diseases: These include endometriosis, diseases of the cervix (ectopia, dysplasia, etc.), as well as various structural anomalies of the sexual organs. Symptoms Reproductive system problems can manifest in different ways: • Pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. • Unusual discharge from the genital tract. • Itching and burning in the external genital area. • Elevated body temperature. • General weakness. • Menstrual cycle deviations (irregularity, changes in duration, heavy bleeding). • Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant. • Painful sexual intercourse. • Skin problems (oily skin, acne, hair growth, hair loss, pigmentation). Diagnosis and Treatment In case of these conditions, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. Diagnosis is performed through complex examinations, including general and gynecological examination, ultrasound, blood and biological material analysis, colposcopy, X-ray, CT, MRI, densitometry, and others. Treatment methods are selected based on the diagnosis and include: • Drug therapy (antibiotics, hormonal drugs, vitamins, trace elements, special diet, physiotherapy). • Surgical intervention. • Combined treatment. Prevention To maintain reproductive health, it is important to: • Practice safe sexual life. • Undergo regular gynecological examinations. • Maintain hygiene. • Monitor hormonal balance. • Have a healthy diet and physical activity.