Thyroid screening

Thyroid nodules are one of the most common medical concerns, especially considering their higher prevalence in women compared to men, even when age is taken into account. This gender difference is largely attributed to the influence of hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which can affect thyroid tissue and contribute to the formation of nodules

The importance of regular monitoring and early detection of thyroid nodules is critical. Early identification can help prevent the progression of various thyroid-related diseases, especially thyroid cancer. It allows for prompt intervention, which can improve outcomes by addressing any issues at the earliest stages.

A major concern with thyroid nodules is the possibility of malignancy. While thyroid cancer is relatively rare, it is essential to evaluate nodules carefully to detect any cancerous growths. Without advanced diagnostic tools, identifying malignancy can be challenging, as some cancerous nodules do not show clear signs during a physical examination.

Technological advancements, particularly in imaging, have significantly enhanced the ability to diagnose thyroid nodules accurately. High-resolution ultrasound has become an invaluable tool in detecting these nodules. Research has demonstrated that ultrasound can increase the rate of thyroid nodule detection from around 7% using just palpation to as high as 76% with the use of ultrasound technology. This substantial improvement highlights the crucial role of ultrasound in identifying even small or hard-to-find nodules that might otherwise go undiagnosed.

Once a nodule is detected using ultrasound, the next step is determining whether it is benign or malignant. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has emerged as the most reliable method for evaluating the malignancy of thyroid nodules. This procedure involves using a thin needle to extract a sample of cells from the nodule, which are then analyzed for signs of cancer. When used in conjunction with ultrasound, FNAC provides a minimally invasive but highly accurate diagnostic tool, helping clinicians make informed decisions and reducing unnecessary surgeries

These advancements in diagnostic technology, such as high-resolution ultrasound and FNAC, have revolutionized the approach to thyroid nodules. They significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis, reduce the risk of missed malignancies, and ensure that patients receive the best possible care.

Cough

02 April 2025

A cough is a natural reflex that helps your body clear irritants from the throat and lungs. Occasional coughing is normal and healthy. However, a cough that lasts for weeks or produces discolored or bloody mucus may indicate a medical issue. Coughs are classified as "acute" if they last less than three weeks and "chronic" if they persist for over eight weeks in adults or four weeks in children.Common Causes of Coughs Many things can trigger coughing, including: Irritants or Allergens • Smoke. • Strong scents. • Mold. • Dust. • Pet dander. • Mucus. • Certain medications. Conditions That Cause Acute or Short-Term Cough • Common cold. • Flu. • Acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis. • Sinusitis. • Pneumonia. • Acute allergic reaction • Whooping cough (pertussis). • Asthma. • Allergies. • Second- or third-hand smoke exposure.

Ultrasound examination

01 April 2025

An ultrasound examination is a medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of the inside of the body. These sound waves are harmless and do not involve radiation, making ultrasound the preferred method of monitoring a developing fetus during pregnancy, unlike X-rays or CT scans. Ultrasound scans are used to produce images of the internal structures of our bodies, organs, organ systems, muscles, tendons, enlarged lymph nodes, or the fetus in the uterine cavity.Reasons for an ultrasound may include: •Pain, suspicion of neoplasms, suspicion of kidney and gallbladder stones, nausea, bitter taste in the mouth, bloating, yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, prolonged bleeding from the uterus, swallowing disorders, nervous irritability, palpitations, prolonged fever, etc. •Medical monitoring •Participation in various medical procedures •Checking the development of the fetus during pregnancy

Echocardiogram

27 March 2025

An echocardiogram (or "echo") is a type of ultrasound test used to capture moving images of your heart. During the procedure, a small handheld device called a transducer is placed on your chest to emit high-frequency sound waves that produce pictures of your heart’s chambers and valves. This helps your healthcare provider assess the heart’s pumping efficiency and overall function. Echo tests often incorporate Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler techniques to evaluate blood flow across your heart’s valves. These additional features allow for a more detailed assessment of the heart's circulation. Unlike other diagnostic tests such as X-rays or CT scans, echocardiography does not involve radiation, making it a safer option for ongoing monitoring of your heart’s health. Echocardiogram vs. EKG Although both an echocardiogram and an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) are used to monitor heart health, they serve different purposes: • An echo focuses on the structure and function of your heart, providing dynamic images of its movement and condition. • An EKG records the electrical activity of your heart and generates a graph that displays your heart rate and rhythm.

Low hemoglobin level

26 March 2025

Low hemoglobin refers to a condition where your hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body, which is essential for energy and cell function. Low hemoglobin may indicate various conditions, including different types of anemia or even cancer. When hemoglobin levels drop, your body struggles to get enough oxygen, leading to fatigue and weakness. Several factors can cause low hemoglobin levels: • The body may not produce enough red blood cells due to conditions affecting the bone marrow. • Red blood cells may be dying faster than they can be replaced. • Blood loss from injury, illness, or conditions like heavy menstrual periods or internal bleeding (e.g., ulcers) can deplete iron and lower hemoglobin. • Poor iron absorption can hinder red blood cell production. • Lack of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and B9 can lead to low hemoglobin.