Cataract

Insulin resistance is a disordered response of target tissues, such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, to insulin production by the pancreas. In insulin resistance, glucose metabolism is impaired, leading to compensatory increased insulin production by beta cells and hyperinsulinemia.The consequences of insulin resistance can lead to: •hyperglycemia, •hypertension, •dyslipidemia, •hyperuricemia, •increased inflammatory markers, •endothelial dysfunction, •prothrombotic state. The main consequence of insulin resistance is type 2 diabetes. There is a hypothesis that insulin resistance precedes the development of type 2 diabetes 10-15 years. The primary focus in the treatment of insulin resistance should be lifestyle changes. In addition to drug therapy, it is necessary to reduce the intake of high-calorie foods and carbohydrates, which stimulate excessive insulin demand. Physical activity helps to increase energy expenditure and improve the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to insulin.

Earache is common among children, especially in early childhood. The presence of earache usually means that the child has an ear infection, otitis. Almost all parents deal with ear infections in children. This disease is especially typical for children aged 1-3, but it can also occur at a younger age. According to epidemiological studies, all children up to 5-7 years old get sick with this disease at least once, especially often at the age of 6-12 months. And after that age, from 5-7 years old, ear infections rarely occur. This is due to the structural features of the auditory tube in children. There are external, middle and internal ear infections. External ear infections occur when the infection accumulates around the hairs of the auditory tube, which can also cause an abscess. Otitis media is a complication of a viral or bacterial infection, or it can occur as a result of a ruptured eardrum. Inflammation of the inner ear occurs as a result of an infection of the paranasal sinuses, inflammation of the meninges, or purulent middle ear inflammation. Otitis media is more common in children.What are the causes of earache in children? •Viral and bacterial infections, in which the space behind the eardrum becomes inflamed and the middle ear becomes inflamed. •Swimmer's ear, which occurs as a result of irritation of the external auditory canal by water. The main symptom is itching in the auditory canal. If there is an infection, ear pain also occurs. •Injury to the auditory canal, which occurs when a hard object is used to clean the ear. The abrasions can become inflamed, which contributes to the occurrence of pain. •An abscess in the ear canal, which can be very painful. •A wax plug, which is a solid lump of earwax. It causes mild pain, but if the lump goes deeper into the ear canal when you clean the ear with a cotton swab, it can block the ear canal, cause inflammation, pain, and hearing loss in that ear. •Foreign bodies. Children can put various objects in their ears that can cause pain. These are usually small objects found in toys. Do not let your child play with small toys that are not recommended for children of their age, especially without parental supervision. •Barotrauma. During pressure fluctuations, such as on an airplane or in the elevators of high-rise buildings, the eardrum can stretch, which can cause pain, especially when there is a wax plug in the ear. •Referred pain. Earache can be caused by other problems, such as inflammation of the tonsils, jaw, parotid gland, mandibular glands, or teething.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which there is an increase in glucose in the blood. Glucose enters the blood with the food we eat, and then, through the hormone insulin, it is transported to the body's cells, generating energy. Glucose is the body's source of energy.Causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 1.Insulin resistance, when the body's cells are resistant or indifferent to the insulin produced, as a result of which insulin does not fully perform its function, causing energy hunger in the body. 2.When the cells produce little insulin 3.Genetic predisposition 4.Lifestyle /wrong diet, insufficient physical activity/. Type 2 diabetes mellitus may not be detected for a long time if there are no specific symptoms. In my practice, there are many cases when diabetes mellitus is detected during routine examinations, or when the patient is examined in connection with another disease. However, most often it is detected on the basis of clinical symptoms. The main symptoms of type 2 diabetes are: •Dry mouth •Frequent urination •Nocturia •Feeling of thirst •Weakness •Fatigue •Mood swings •Weight fluctuations

What is family planning? Family planning is a complex of medical and social measures aimed at preserving a woman's health, ensuring the birth of only healthy and expected children. Through this, the number of children in the family is regulated, the age difference between children is determined, and the age at which parents can become parents is determined. How to prevent unwanted pregnancy? There are various methods of contraception: A. Contraceptives: •Intrauterine device. •Oral hormonal contraceptives. •Hormonal patch, vaginal ring, injectables. •Implantation contraception. •Emergency contraceptive pills. •Spermicide. •Barrier methods: condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, contraceptive sponges. B. Biological methods: •Calendar method. •Interrupted sexual intercourse. •Lactational amenorrhea method. C. Insemination or sterilization - it can be female and male. The method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is chosen individually, taking into account various factors, as well as the opinion of the couple. A specialist - an obstetrician-gynecologist - will help you in this matter.Should you consult a specialist before pregnancy? When planning a child, it is necessary to prepare for pregnancy, to undergo some examinations. Purpose: assessment of the health status of the future mother, clarification of risk factors for pregnancy: physiological characteristics of the woman and diseases of the body, age of the parents, harmful habits, history of toxicosis of pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, breech presentation, fetal hypoxia (oxygen starvation), complicated obstetric (cesarean section, abortions, miscarriage) and gynecological history, etc. In case of detection of pathology, appropriate treatment is prescribed. If necessary, consultations and treatments of other specialists are carried out: endocrinologist, cardiologist, urologist, gastroenterologist, hematologist and others. Throughout the entire pregnancy, the pregnant woman is under supervision, the health of the woman and the future child is monitored. An obstetrician-gynecologist will help you become happy parents, have healthy and long-awaited children.