Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin

General information

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone consisting of two subunits: α- and β-chains. The protein is produced by the trophoblast (the outer layer of blastocyst cells necessary for implantation); it serves to maintain the corpus luteum during the first weeks of pregnancy and stimulates the production of progesterone. It is believed that it is involved in the processes of sexual differentiation of the fetus.
The blood serum of pregnant women contains mainly intact hCG. However, small amounts of free α- and β-subunits also circulate in the blood.
Only the intact hormone is biologically active.

Human chorionic gonadotropin


Clinical significance

In the absence of pathology, hCG is detected only in the blood and urine of pregnant women. The concentration of hCG exponentially increases during the first trimester of pregnancy, reaching a peak at 9 weeks of pregnancy. The hormone level then declines between 10 and 16 weeks of pregnancy to about one-fifth of its peak concentration and remains at this level until delivery.
Measuring the hCG concentration allows pregnancy to be diagnosed as early as one week after fertilization.
High hCG levels in the blood are found in choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, or multiple pregnancies.
Low hCG levels in the blood are observed in threatened miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gestosis, or intrauterine fetal death.
High hCG concentrations unrelated to pregnancy can be found in tumors of the germ cells, ovaries, bladder, pancreas, stomach, lungs, and liver.

Patient Preparation

Do not take multivitamins or supplements containing biotin (vitamin B7), which is commonly found in hair, skin, and nail supplements or multivitamins, for 12 hours before the test.

Sampling

Venous blood

Response deadline

Same day

Signs of a heart attack
04 June 2025
In the case of a myocardial infarction, one or all of the following symptoms appear: •Burning, pressing pain in the posterior sternum, radiating pain to the neck, lower jaw, left shoulder girdle, left arm, and sometimes the right arm. •Feeling of shortness of breath, shortness of breath, shortness of breath. •Dizziness, fainting episodes •Nausea •Profuse sweating Usually the pain is paroxysmal, intermittent. There are many cases when warning symptoms appear hours, days, and even weeks before a heart attack. Therefore, it is important to recognize such symptoms, especially if you have problems with the cardiovascular system. Heart failure is characterized by a condition when the heart is unable to provide blood circulation in accordance with the body's needs. Signs and symptoms of heart failure typically include: •shortness of breath •fatigue •swelling of the legs Shortness of breath is usually worse with physical activity, when lying down, and may wake a person up at night. Limited physical activity is also a common symptom. Chest pain, including chest tightness, is not usually caused by heart failure. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, heart valve disease, alcohol abuse, various infections, and cardiomyopathy. These lead to heart failure by altering the structure or function of the heart.The most common symptoms that indicate problems with the cardiovascular system are •Any type of chest pain •Shortness of breath, shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air •Deterioration of the heart rhythm •Accelerated or very slow heartbeat •Periodic increases in blood pressure above 130/80 and decreases below 90/60 •Swelling of the legs. Timely consultation with a doctor plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of heart diseases. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can save lives. For this purpose, the best choice is Dalimed Medical Center, with its highly qualified specialists and the latest equipment.
Ferritin
29 May 2025
Ferritin is known as an iron storage protein. It is mainly found in the liver, spleen, muscles, bone marrow, and only a small amount is found in the blood. The main functions of ferritin are: 1.Storage of iron in its bioavailable form. 2.Protection of cells from the toxic effects of iron. The amount of ferritin in the blood serum indicates the iron reserves in the body. Ferritin is a sensitive means of detecting iron deficiency at an early stage. A decrease in ferritin levels is observed in the following conditions: •iron deficiency anemia •blood loss •iron absorption disorders •transferrin deficiency •as a result of increased ferritin demand (for example, pregnancy). Symptoms of low ferritin levels include: •weakness, fatigue •dizziness, headaches •pale skin •difficulty breathing •rapid heartbeat •burning or sore tongue •craving for non-food items such as ice, chalk, or dirt •ringing in the ears •leg pain •brittle nails •hair loss An increase in ferritin levels is observed in the following conditions: •hemochromatosis •hemolytic anemia •sideroblastic anemia •multiple blood transfusions Other causes of high ferritin levels include infections, acute or chronic inflammation, malignancies, alcoholic or viral hepatitis, liver disease, and chronic renal failure. Symptoms of high ferritin levels include: •weakness, fatigue •joint pain, especially in the knees and hands •abdominal pain •chest pain •skin with a gray, metallic, or bronze tint •body hair loss •low libido or erectile dysfunction •unexplained weight loss •mood swings, depression, or anxiety Patient Preparation Do not take multivitamins or supplements containing biotin (vitamin B7), which is commonly found in hair, skin, and nail supplements and multivitamins, for 12 hours prior to the test. Sample: Venous blood.Response Time: Same Day.Measuring your blood ferritin is an important step in assessing your health and identifying potential problems early. Choose Dalimed Medical Center for accurate and fast testing.
Neurosis
29 May 2025
Neurosis is a collective name for a group of mental disorders that are characterized by emotional and mental disturbances without losing touch with reality. This is a disorder in which a person is aware of his problems, suffers from them, but maintains a critical attitude to his condition. Unlike psychoses, neuroses do not cause profound changes in personality and distortion of perception of the world.Causes of neuroses •Psychological trauma- experienced violence, loss of loved ones, divorce, chronic stress •Psychoemotional overload- prolonged stress at work, school or in the family •Internal conflicts- for example, a contradiction between desires and moral principles. •Chronic diseases •Personality traits- anxiety, suspiciousness, increased sensitivity Main types of neuroses 1.Anxiety or generalized neurosis- characterized by a constant feeling of anxiety, panic, worry, emotional tension, a premonition of trouble. May be accompanied by somatic manifestations: tachycardia, tremors, sweating, general weakness. 2.Hysterical neurosis or hysterical personality disorder- manifests itself in demonstrative behavior, a tendency to exaggerate feelings, emotional lability. Speech and movement disorders, imaginary paralysis, fainting are possible. 3.Neurasthenia or asthenic neurosis- irritability, fatigue, headaches, insomnia prevail. Often develops against the background of chronic stress. 4.Obsessive-compulsive disorder or obsessive-compulsive neurosis- manifests itself in obsessive thoughts, fears and actions that a person considers absurd, but cannot stop. 5.Phobic disorders Symptoms of neurosis •Constant anxiety and restlessness •Sleep disturbances; difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, nightmares •Fatigue and irritability •Tearfulness, sudden mood swings •Decreased concentration •Somatic complaints; headaches, heart pain, digestive disorders •Obsessive thoughts or actions Treatment Treatment of neuroses requires a comprehensive approach and is selected individually depending on the form of the disorder, the severity of symptoms and the general condition of the patient. The main methods include: •Psychotherapy •Medication •Lifestyle management •Self-regulation skills training •Family or group therapy Early referral to a specialist significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment and helps to avoid complications. Prevention •Development of emotional intelligence and self-regulation skills •Ability to cope with conflicts and stress •Maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Experienced doctors of the Medical Center "Dalimed" are ready to help you cope with neurosis and return to a full, harmonious life. Do not postpone taking care of your mental health- sign up for a consultation today.
Atopic dermatitis
26 May 2025
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is accompanied by dryness, itching and redness. It occurs in both children and adults and is considered one of the most common skin diseases. The disease progresses in waves, with exacerbations and periods of remission. In people with atopic dermatitis, the skin does not have a sufficient protective barrier and is more vulnerable to external irritants. In addition to skin symptoms, the disease is often accompanied by other atopic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis or bronchial asthma. Causes of atopic dermatitis: 1.Hereditary predisposition If one of the parents has atopic dermatitis, the likelihood of developing the disease in a child increases significantly. 2.Inflammatory immune response In the case of atopic dermatitis, the immune system reacts excessively to even minor irritants, causing inflammation. 3.Environmental factors Cold or dry climate, chemical-containing care products, and stress can aggravate or trigger the manifestation of atopic dermatitis. The main symptoms of atopic dermatitis are: •Itching, which can be extremely severe, especially at night •Dryness and flaking of the skin •Red spots •Cracks, wounds as a result of scratching •Skin discoloration, pronounced skin pattern Approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis In addition to physical discomfort, the disease also affects a person's quality of life. Itching disrupts sleep, and the appearance of the skin causes social discomfort. Although atopic dermatitis is not completely cured, proper care and treatment can significantly improve the patient's condition and prevent exacerbations. 1.Skin hydration Moisturizers should be used several times a day, especially after bathing. It is advisable to choose hypoallergenic, fragrance-free creams and balms. Moisturizing care not only reduces dryness, but also helps restore the skin's protective barrier. Avoid skin care products containing alcohol, sulfates, or preservatives. 2.Drug treatment Topical corticosteroids are prescribed to treat inflammation. Antihistamines are often used to relieve itching. How to prevent atopic dermatitis flare-ups: •Limit bath time to 10 minutes and avoid bathing in very hot water •Wear cotton clothing, avoiding synthetic or wool clothing •Keep a food diary to determine possible allergens •Moisturize the skin 2-3 times a day. Atopic dermatitis in children: This condition is often detected in children during the first 6 months of life. Itching and irritation can disrupt sleep and affect a child's behavior. It is important for parents to follow the rules of care and collaborate with a pediatrician or pediatric dermatologist to create the right treatment plan. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease, but with the right approach, it is possible to fully control its manifestations. A care regimen, a healthy diet, stress management, and supervision by a specialist can significantly improve the patient's quality of life.

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